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Boerhaave Museum Top Collection: all rooms | |
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zaal 21: Natuurkunde: fabrieken van de wetenschap |  |
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The blossoming of scientific activity also led to striking achievements in physics. In quick successions the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to the Dutchmen H.A. Lorentz and P. Zeeman (1902), J.D. van der Waals (1910) and H. Kamerlingh Onnes (1913).
Large laboratories sprang up in all university towns. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853 – 1926) created a veritable research factory in Leiden, where the lowest possible temperatures were achieved with the aid of enourmous cooling units, culminating in the liquefying of helium at
-269° C. At these low temoperatures research was then carried out.
Laboratory research was characteristic of the increasing specialisation in science. If the figure of the uniersal scientist had already disappeared, around 1900 physics too divided up into various specialisms.